Cigar Construction
From UKCFWiki
Contents |
[edit] Composition
Cigars are composed of three types of tobacco leaves, whose variations determine smoking and flavor characteristics:
[edit] Wrappers
A cigar's outermost leaves, or wrapper, come from the widest part of the plant. The wrapper determines much of the cigar's character and flavor, and as such its color is often used to describe the cigar as a whole. Colors are designated as follows, from lightest to darkest:
| Color | Description |
|---|---|
| Double Claro | very light, slightly greenish (also called Candela, American Market Selection or jade); achieved by picking leaves before maturity and drying quickly; often grown in Connecticut. |
| Claro | light tan or yellowish. Indicative of shade-grown tobacco. |
| Colorado | reddish-brown (also called Rosado or "Corojo"). |
| Colorado Claro | mid-brown; particularly associated with tobacco grown in the Dominican Republic or in Cuba. |
| Colorado Maduro | dark brown; particularly associated with Honduran or Cuba-grown tobacco. |
| Natural | light brown to brown; generally sun-grown. |
| Maduro | dark brown to very dark brown. |
| Oscuro | a.k.a. "Double Maduro", black, often oily in appearance; mainly grown in Cuba, Nicaragua, Brazil, Mexico, and Connecticut, USA. |
Some manufacturers use an alternate designation:
| Designation | Acronym | Description |
|---|---|---|
| American Market Selection | AMS | synonymous with Double Claro |
| English Market Selection | EMS | can refer to any color stronger than Double Claro but milder than Maduro |
| Spanish Market Selection | SMS | either of the two darkest colors, Maduro and Oscuro |
In general, dark wrappers add a touch of sweetness, while light ones add a hint of dryness to the taste. It is commonly accepted that the wrapper contributes about 40 percent of the flavour, while the filler and binder contributes the other 60 percent. It is generally accepted that maduro cigars are stronger in flavour than the same cigar in a lighter wrapper, but this does not apply to all cigars.
[edit] Fillers
The majority of a cigar is made up of fillers, wrapped-up bunches of leaves inside the wrapper. Fillers of various strengths are usually blended to produce desired cigar flavours. In the cigar industry this is referred to as a "blend". Many cigar manufacturers pride themselves in constructing the perfect blend(s) that will give the smoker the most enjoyment. The more oils present in the tobacco leaf, the stronger (less dry) the filler. Types range from the minimally flavored Volado taken from the bottom of the plant, through the light-flavored Seco (dry) taken from the middle of the plant, to the strong Ligero from the upper leaves exposed to the most sunlight. Fatter cigars of larger size and shape/gauge hold more filler, with greater potential to provide a full body and complex flavor. When used, Ligero is always folded into the middle of the filler because it burns slowly.
Fillers can be either long or short; long filler uses whole leaves and is of a better quality, while short filler, also called "mixed", uses chopped leaves, stems, and other bits. Recently some manufacturers have created what they term "medium filler" cigars. They use larger pieces of leaf than short filler without stems, and are of better quality than short filler cigars. Short filler cigars are easy to identify when smoked since they often burn hotter and tend to release bits of leaf into the smoker's mouth. Long filled cigars of high quality should burn evenly and consistently. Also available is a filler called "sandwich" (sometimes "Cuban sandwich") which is a cigar made by rolling short leaf inside long outer leaf. If a cigar is completely constructed (filler, binder and wrapper) of tobacco from only one country, it is referred to in the cigar industry as a "puro" which in Spanish means "pure".
[edit] Binders
Binders are elastic leaves used to hold together the bunches of fillers. Essentially, binders are wrappers that are rejected because of holes, blemishes, discoloration, or excess veins.
[edit] Cigar Shapes & Sizes
[edit] Ring Gauge
The Ring gauge of a cigar is based upon the diameter at the widest point and is measured in 64's of a inch i.e a ring gage of 50 would be 50/64 of a inch.
[edit] Sizes
| Size | Length | Ring Gauge | Length Range | Ring Range |
| Giant | 9 | 52 | 8 & up | 50 & up |
| Double Corona | 7 3/4 | 49 | 6 3/4 – 7 3/4 | 49-54 |
| Churchill | 7 | 47 | 6 3/4 – 7 7/8 | 46-48 |
| Perfecto | none | all | all | |
| Pyramid | 7 | 36 => 54 | all | flared |
| Torpedo (Belicoso) | 6 1/2 | 52 | all | tapered |
| Toro | 6 | 50 | 5 5/8 – 6 5/8 | 48-54 |
| Robusto | 5 | 50 | 4 1/2 – 5 1/2 | 48-54 |
| Grand Corona | 6 1/2 | 46 | 5 5/8 – 6 5/8 | 45-47 |
| Corona Extra | 5 1/2 | 46 | 4 1/2 – 5 1/2 | 45-47 |
| Giant Corona | 7 1/2 | 44 | 7 1/2 & up | 42-45 |
| Lonsdale | 6 1/2 | 42 | 6 1/2 – 7 1/2 | 40-44 |
| Long Corona | 6 | 42 | 5 7/8 – 6 3/8 | 40-44 |
| Corona | 5 1/2 | 42 | 5 1/4 – 5 3/4 | 40-44 |
| Petit Corona | 5 | 42 | 4 – 5 | 40-44 |
| Long Panatela | 7 1/2 | 38 | 7 & up | 35-39 |
| Panatela | 6 | 38 | 5 1/2 – 6 7/8 | 35-39 |
| Short Panatela | 5 | 38 | 4 – 5 3/8 | 35-39 |
| Slim Panatela | 6 | 34 | 5 & up | 30-34 |
| Small Panatela | 5 | 33 | 4 – 5 | 30-34 |
| Cigarillos | 4 | 26 | 6 & less | 29 & less |
[edit] Bibliography
- Smoke Magazine on Corojo and Criollo leaves
- Perleman’s CigarCyclopedia
